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![]() ![]() ![]() The risk of this categorization is that certain individuals may not receive adequate protection if the actors in a conflict do not recognize them as belonging to one of the categories of protected persons. Instead, it defines categories of individuals to whom it grants specific rights and protection, either because these people are more exposed to the risks engendered by conflict or because they are naturally more vulnerable. Unlike human rights law, humanitarian law does not establish universal rights applicable to all individuals. International humanitarian law identifies a total of fifteen categories of protected persons in the case of international armed conflicts and five in internal conflicts. Nonetheless-for the sake of linguistic simplicity-we will use it in this entry to qualify the notion of protection to which individuals are entitled, including in non-international conflicts. In theory, humanitarian law uses the term protected persons only in the context of international armed conflicts, since the exact term is not used in reference to internal armed conflicts. ![]() The provisions vary slightly from one category to the next. They define the rights and protections that must be respected and which each category is entitled to receive. Each of the four 1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols applies to a specific category of person (with the Protocols applying more generally to “victims”). ![]()
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